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Solar Mission Project

Solar Mission Project

Solar power is the best bet

Recently we in Bhopal had a 16-hour power outage commencing from midnight until 4.00 next afternoon. The inverter saw us through the hot and stuffy night but it, too, lost its energy by the next afternoon. There was no alternative but to bear the acute discomfort of an air-less hot afternoon. Outages are frequent but this was out of the ordinary.

Lazing around through the day drenched in sweat in the sweltering heat my mind wandered and sauntered down the years that have gone by. In the early 1940s I used to be a child in Gwalior which was the capital of the eponymous princely state. Although we had electricity in our rented house there were many others in the neighbourhood, including that of a minister, which did not. Apparently, even then it took quite a bit to have one's house electrified. Living off the arterial road, we still had gas lamps to light up our rather broad, generally, deserted lane. Every evening a man would trudge down the lane with a ladder on his shoulders to light up the lamps mounted on somewhat low posts. He would repeat his trip in the early mornings to put out the lights. The lane got its electric streetlights much later.

Apart from lighting up the houses and streets electricity had very little non-industrial use in those days. Hardly any electrical appliances were available for domestic purposes except, of course, fans – table or ceiling. Right through the ‘40s, I recall, we managed the hot Gwalior summers with two table fans in combination with thick khas curtains with water dripping on them through perforated pipes. Radios, symbol for the well-to-do then with their roof-top antennas, were very few. The per capita carbon footprint was, naturally, negligible

As I grew older radios became ubiquitous, so much so that they would be raucously blaring out film songs from paan shops. Even during the first few post-Independence decades of "Hindu rate of (economic) growth" (of around 3%) the middle classes were inflating, though tardily, and electrical equipment and appliances appeared in the markets to feed their demand. Soon electric kettles, hot plates, mixer-grinders to refrigerators made their appearance for making things easier in the kitchen. For the living rooms there were radios, of course, followed by electrically operated turn-tables, record-changers, even radiograms and tape (spool) recorders. To meet the exigencies of the weather there were either heaters or coolers, even an occasional air conditioner.

All these were confined to a very thin upper crust of the society – the rich and upper middle classes. Liberalisation of the economy in the early 1990s brought about a sea change. Not only MNCs descended in the country in large numbers, transfer of modern sophisticated technology also took place. The rapidly expanding middle classes accessed a whole new range of electrical appliances known as "white goods" and luxury items at prices that were competitive owing to the phenomenon of "globalisation". What were confined to a small segment progressively came within the reach of a much larger section of the population. As a result, electricity today doesn't simply light up the houses; it runs kitchens, helps in washing clothes, crockery and utensils, cools and heats the houses, entertains the family and provides 24X7 connectivity. No wonder, the per capita carbon footprint rose from 0.8 in 1990 to 1.3 in 2006 and yet nowhere near the footprint of giants like US which was 32.8 in 2006.

The veritable explosion of the middle classes and the accompanying growth of industry and commerce preordained a rise in demand for power. The supply, however, could never match the demand making shortages endemic. The country currently lives through a regime of extensive power cuts and prolonged outages. All talks of sufficiency in the near future are misleading as, firstly, there are not enough power projects in the pipeline and, secondly, in the current times of faster economic growth demand is always likely to outstrip the supply.

The problem is likely to get compounded as environmental considerations may inhibit the country's efforts to install many more coal-fired power plants unless it is able to, miraculously, find a cleaner thermal power technology. Similar considerations may hamper development of hydro power. Already there are protests, for example, against proposals for scores of hydro-power projects in the states of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh. The current government seems to be banking on nuclear energy. That too carries its own rather heavy baggage. Apart from the long gestation, not only there are concerns relating to security of the plants, there would also be difficulties in locating safe sites for disposal of the nuclear wastes.

So far coal has been the main source of our energy. Evidently the country has to now go after renewable energy in a big way. Among the renewables are solar, wind, tidal and biomass. However, for reasons that are obvious, solar power holds the key and could be the best bet for India. With about 300 clear and sunny days in a year India's theoretical solar power reception just on its land area is enough to produce energy that could be a thousand times greater than the likely demand in 2015, even if conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules is pegged at a modest 10%.

Currently solar energy in the country works out to merely 0.4% of the total energy produced. The grid-interactive solar power as of June 2007 was merely 2.12 MW. Government-funded solar energy in India in 2005 accounted only for approximately 6.4 megawatt. However, the generation is disintegrated for applications that are mostly off-grid and petty in nature like street-lighting, water-heating, solar lanterns and so on.

Since the potential is enormous what is now required is a huge push for solar power generation that can be integrated, at least, with localised and regional grids. It is said that more energy falls on the world's deserts in six hours than the world consumes in a year. Africa's deserts receive enough power not only for Africa and Europe, but for the whole world. Hence, the Thar Desert with its locational advantages could become India's solar-energy hotspot.

Instead of entirely depending on the photovoltaic technology, which proves to be costlier unless subsidised like in Europe, concentrating solar (thermal) power needs to be given a big push. There are varied technologies that produce energy by concentrating the light rays onto a small surface to generate heat and use that heat to drive a turbine, which in turn drives a generator. Experts believe solar thermal power can play a significantly important role in meeting the yawning demand-supply gap (claimed to be 12% but actually is much more) for electricity.

While the Clinton Climate Foundation is mulling huge solar power initiatives of around 3000 MW each in the Rann (Gujarat) and Thar (Rajasthan) the Centre has launched the Jawaharlal Nehru Solar Mission. Mercifully, the Mission proposes, apart from striving for global leadership in solar manufacturing, to launch a major R&D programme in solar energy – a crying need for the country, given the availability of surfeit of knowledge-workers.

According to Americans, solar power is no longer an "eco-fantasy". One wishes we Indians could ape Americans, especially the Californians, at least in respect of production of green energy. Power-starved as we are, like the Californians were in 1970, we need to act like the state by inducing the consumers to use less power, legislating for energy-efficiency in buildings, appliances or whatever, to foster entrepreneurial spirit among the industrialists and require the utilities to provide one-third of their power from renewables by 2020. Given the circumstances, that shouldn't be too much to ask for!

 

 

About the Author

I am a retired senior civil servant of the Government of India based at Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh. I do free-lancing writing mostly on topical and environmental issues.

New solar project's pilot project in Haiti

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Solar City


$180.02


This book is based on a master thesis project developed by Helle Hejler Andersen Mathias Lind Klogborg at the Master program in Architecture at Architecture Design, Aalborg University, Denmark. The project focuses on designing an energy neutral building in a Danish context integrating dwellings, public outdoor spaces and other functions. The building industry emits more than 40 of the Danish energy consumption, and for that reason it is a focal point to act on. As architects we play an important role in reducing costs and CO2 emission while at the same time designing better homes and indoor environments for people to live in. In order to meet these issues and to achieve energy neutrality the focus has been on integrating renewable energy sources without compromising the architectural quality. To solve this task the Integrated Design Process (IDP) has been used as a tool during the entire project to reach an integrated design. The project is based on the Bolig+ program. It originates from a Danish architectural competition that ended in 2009. The project period lasted 4 months, from February 2010 to June 2010. Author: Hejler Andersen, Helle/ Lind Klogborg, Mathias Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 216 Publication Date: 2011/04/19 Language: English Dimensions: 9.02 x 5.98 x 0.49 inches

Solar


Solar


$124.99


Solar - Laminated Oversized Art

Practical Solar, Inc.


Practical Solar, Inc.


$58.94


High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles Practical Solar, Inc. is an American manufacturer of heliostats used for concentrating solar power, as well as for residential and commercial natural lighting (daylighting) applications. The company, located in Boston, Massachusetts, introduced its heliostat system for sale in February 2009. Practical Solars heliostats are small in the spectrum of heliostats commercially available for harnessing solar thermal energy. They each have 8 square feet (0.74 meters) of reflector area. To put this in perspective, the heliostats in a solar power tower project in Seville, Spain each have reflectors nearly 1,300 square feet in size (120 square meters). Practical Solars heliostat system is the first computercontrolled heliostat system that can be installed by hand, using only hand tools. Practical Solars founder Bruce Rohr suggested in Northeast Sun magazine that small heliostats are more reliable and more costeffective per square meter of reflective area than the larger heliostats typically used in solar power tower projects. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Timpledon, Miriam T./ Marseken, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 72 Publication Date: 2010/07/21 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.02 x 0.17 inches

The Physics of Solar Flares


The Physics of Solar Flares


$101.96


Few phenomena have stirred the imaginations of solar scientists as much as the explosive energy of solar flares. In The Physics of Solar Flares, first published in 1988, Einar TandbergHanssen and A. Gordon Emslie approach this subject by drawing heavily on experimental data from the Solar Maximum Mission, as well as other groundbased and spaceborne instruments. The data are incorporated into many theoretical investigations. The authors put the main emphasis on understanding the underlying physical processes. Starting from the language of physics, the authors guide the reader into the more specialised concepts of solar physics. The book is divided into two main parts: four chapters set the essentials of physics needed to attack the complexities of flare phenomena, and then a further four treat different aspects of the phenomena. This important book is aimed primarily at beginning graduate students who are assumed to have knowledge of basic physics. Author: TandbergHanssen, Einar/ Emslie, A. Gordon/ Einar, TandbergHanssen Series Title: Cambridge Astrophysics (Paperback) Series Number: 14 Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 288 Publication Date: 2009/07/16 Language: English Dimensions: 9.61 x 6.69 x 0.60 inches

Solar Power Recorder


Solar Power Recorder


$114.71


Engineers in all disciplines have a particular obligation towards the integration of development and the environment leading towards sustainable future development.It is essential for engineers to obtain the knowledge on new environmental friendly technologies e.g. renewable energy technology.The future engineers are required to be trained in decision making and to act environmentally sensitive and responsible manner.Solar Energy is one of the most valuable energy in the world .The Fuels have limited source but the resource is decreasing . To reduce this load usage of solar cell is increasing day by day. The purpose of this project to illustrate the process about the implementation of Microcontroller based Solar Power Recorder which uses Solar cell as the input sensor and displays current, voltage, power produced by it simultaneously.This electronic gadget depicts to highlight the importance of a structured process and data collection and analysis method.From the result the project can be efficiently used in Bangladesh.This is completely environment friendly and easy to collect the result.The test results are so far very encouraging. Author: Das Gupta, Hrishikesh Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 84 Publication Date: 2011/06/10 Language: English Dimensions: 9.02 x 5.98 x 0.20 inches

Panoche Valley Solar Farm


Panoche Valley Solar Farm


$58.94


High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles Panoche Valley Solar Farm is a proposed utilityscale solar photovoltaic power station, which would be built by Solargen Energy in the Panoche Valley of Central Californias San Benito County With a hypothetical capacity of 420 megawatt (MW).Panoche Valley is crossed by a 230 kilovolt (kV) power line from the Moss Landing Power Plant. Solargen Energy has not yet completed a transmission study for the project. Additional lines will be needed for the proposed project. The project site consists of 4,717 acres (1,909 ha), private land extending the entire length of the valley from west to east and occupying one third of the valley floor. It is currently used for pasturebased livestock grazing on native grassland habitat. In order to keep forage at heights most preferred by native species, livestock grazing is managed to mimic the traditional grazing patterns of historical herds of antelope and deer. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Tennoe, Mariam T./ Henssonow, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 72 Publication Date: 2010/09/09 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.02 x 0.17 inches

Design and Construction of a Solar Dryer


Design and Construction of a Solar Dryer


$116.3


Solar energy over the years has provided an inexhaustible renewable and cheap source of energy. If well harnessed in food drying and preservation, it will prevent food spoilage and wastage. Comparing solar drying with other methods of drying, there has been a lot of improvement in the area of safety and proper drying of the food substance. This book evaluates critically two agricultural samples: banana and amaranthus spp. Detailed analysis of drying period and some of its nutritional values of each sample has been worked upon. Students working on their final year project in colleges and universities will find this book very useful as a reference material in their various pursuit. Likewise, Research and Development (RD) will further improve through the use of this book. Author: Olukunle, Tolulope/ O, Mondiu Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 60 Publication Date: 2011/05/03 Language: English Dimensions: 9.02 x 5.98 x 0.14 inches

The World Class Project Manager


The World Class Project Manager


$49.01


Effective project management is becoming a critical mission skill for individuals and organizations in every industry. Faster product life cycles, the widespread adoption of crossfunctional teams, and the increasing demands of customers are all contributing to the growing need for professional managers who know how to marshal resources, make decisions, and ensure the smooth flow of projects from idea to launch. In The World Class Project Manager, Robert Wysocki and James Lewis offer a highly practical handbook for anyone who aspires to achieve superior projectmanager skills. Featuring selfassessment tools, showcasing best practices from the field, and drawing on their own extensive experience in training project managers around the world, the authors provide a comprehensive program for crafting a career development plan and putting it into action. Author: Wysocki, Robert K./ Wycocki, Robert K./ Lewis, James P. Binding Type: Hardcover Number of Pages: 272 Publication Date: 2001/02/08 Language: English Dimensions: 9.10 x 6.40 x 1.10 inches

Front Mission 2089


Front Mission 2089


$100.37


High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles Front Mission 2089 is a tactical roleplaying game developed by Square Enix Co., Ltd., MSF, and Winds, and was published and released in Japan by Square Enix Co., Ltd. in 2005 and 2008 for the mobile phones. The game was released on March 7, 2005 (imode services), October 27, 2005 (EZweb services), and June 18, 2008 (Yahoo Mobile services). Front Mission 2089 is part of Front Mission Mobile, a project dedicated to Front Mission video games for the mobile phones. Front Mission 2089 is the fifth main entry and the seventh entry overall in the Front Mission series. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Tennoe, Mariam T./ Henssonow, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 164 Publication Date: 2011/01/11 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.02 x 0.38 inches

Solar Power in Portugal


Solar Power in Portugal


$78.07


High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles A large photovoltaic power project, the Serpa solar power plant, has been completed in Portugal, in one of the Europes sunniest areas. The 11 megawatt plant covers 150 acres and comprises 52,000 PV panels. The panels are raised 2 metres off the ground and the area will remain productive grazing land. The project will provide enough energy for 8,000 homes and will save an estimated 30,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions per year. The Moura photovoltaic power station is located in the municipality of Moura, in the interior region of Alentejo, Portugal.Its construction involves two stages, with the first one being constructed in 13 months and completed in 2008, and the other will be completed by 2010, at a total cost of 250 million for the project. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Timpledon, Miriam T./ Marseken, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 112 Publication Date: 2010/07/14 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.00 x 0.27 inches

Solar Water Heating in Dragash Municipality, Kosovo


Solar Water Heating in Dragash Municipality, Kosovo


$106.74


Water has been heated with the sun almost as long as there have been humans, but it is not until recently that more advanced and effective solar water heating systems have become common, and they are still gaining ground. Through the years new systems and new solar collectors have been developed. In Kosovo, however, not much attention has been paid to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy sources and solar water heating systems is a new concept. However, a solar water heating system has been installed at the hospital in Dragash Municipality in southern Kosovo. The system is a pilot project, to see how well solar energy can be used in this area. This thesis examines the existing solar water heating system at the hospital in Dragash. The possibilities of using the fundamental principle of the solar water heating system at the hospital on residential houses in Dragash is looked into. The total annual incoming solar radiation for one square meter is calculated. The environmental, social and economic effects of solar water heating in Dragash is considered and discussed. Economic calculations are made on the effects of installation of solar water heating systems. Author: Dahl H. Kans, Mia Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 64 Publication Date: 2011/03/11 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.02 x 0.15 inches

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