Affordable Solar & Wind

The Future Of Wind Energy

f you're one of those people who every winter puts out 10,000 holiday lights or every summer keeps the air conditioning cold enough to make frozen treats on the kitchen counter - or whether you're like everyone else who simply likes the modern convenience of electrical - then you should care about how we will generate electricity in the future.

We are in no danger of running out of coal, the primary fuel source for electricity generation in the US and many other parts of the world. And we could have as many new glowing nuclear power plants as we want. But the reality is that the pollution and safety impacts of these electricity-generating technologies forecast their necessary demise:

1) The problems with coal-fired power plants include sulfur (acid rain) and mercury pollution; coal-fired power plants are the biggest source of greenhouse gases in the world; and coal mining scars land and people alike.

2) Nuclear power plants are very clean in terms of emissions of typical pollutants, including carbon dioxide (the principal greenhouse gas), but the potential for accidents and terrorist strikes has most people doubting the wisdom of more nuclear power. And let's not forget that we still don't know what to do with the tons of long-term radioactive waste nuclear power plants produce.

So what does the future look like for electricity generation? We must start making major strides towards cleaner technologies like wind, solar, wave, and biomass. Today we talk about wind energy in an article that was adapted from materials made available by Lester Brown and the Earth Policy Institute.

People have been harnessing the power of the wind for centuries. The concept of wind energy is simple: the wind pushes against angled blades, causing them to move (much like the sail on a boat); the blades are attached to a hub and cause it to turn, which in turn can drive other components.

In olden days - back when wind-powered devices were called windmills - the turning motion of the hub was transferred to mechanical devices such as grist mills or groundwater pumps. graphic of wind turbines In a modern wind turbine, the hub drives an electrical generator and the output is electricity.

The modern wind turbine has come a long way in terms of sophistication, and the designs of today's wind turbines are elegant and very efficient compared to wind turbines from even a decade or two ago. Designers have also solved some problems associated with early wind turbines, such as birds dying by flying into them. Additional advancements have been made in siting technology - wind turbines can also be sited off-shore now.

With wind-generated electricity, the principal production cost is the capital outlay for initial construction. Since wind is a free fuel, the only ongoing cost is for maintenance. Given the recent volatility of natural gas prices, the stability graph of wind power cost; shows cost has come down from 38 cents per kilowatt hour in 1982 to 4 cents per kilowatt hour in 2002 of wind power prices is particularly appealing. With the possibility of even higher costs of natural gas in the future, natural gas-fired plants may be used increasingly as backup for wind-generated electricity.

When the wind industry first began to develop in California in the early 1980s, wind-generated electricity cost 38 cents per kilowatt-hour. Since then it has dropped to 4 cents or less in prime wind sites. And some long-term supply contracts have been signed for 3 cents per kilowatt-hour. By 2020, many European wind farms will be generating electricity at 2 cents per kilowatt-hour, making it cheaper than all other sources of electricity.

Wind-generating capacity worldwide is growing at over 30% per year and has jumped from less than 5,000 megawatts in 1995 to 39,000 megawatts in 2003 - an increase of nearly eight-fold. The fossil fuel with the highest growth rate - natural gas - grew at just over 2% annually during the same period. Oil grew at less than 2% annually, and coal at less than 1%. Nuclear generating capacity expanded by 2% annually.

Wind is appealing for several reasons. It is abundant, cheap, inexhaustible, widely distributed, clean, and climate-benign - a set of attributes that no other energy source can match. When the US Department of Energy (DOE) released its first wind resource inventory in 1991, it pointed out that three wind-rich states - North Dakota, Kansas, and Texas - had enough harnessable wind energy to satisfy all of the nation's electricity needs. Those who had previously thought of wind as a marginal potential source of energy obviously were surprised by this finding.

In retrospect, we now know that the 1991 data was a gross underestimate of the potential of this renewable energy source, because it was based on the technologies available in 1991. Advances in wind turbine design since then have enabled turbines to operate at lower wind speeds, to convert wind into electricity more efficiently, and to harness a much larger wind regime. Such advancement have perhaps tripled the amount of harvestable wind. Thus, while the DOE could say in 1991 that North Dakota, Kansas, and Texas had enough wind-energy potential to supply all national ELECTRICITY needs, we may now be able to say that they have enough harnessable wind energy to supply all national ENERGY needs. (See sidebar for more information.)

Once we get cheap electricity from wind, we have the option of electrolyzing water to produce hydrogen, which provides a way of both storing and efficiently transporting wind energy. At night, when the demand for electricity drops, the hydrogen generators can be turned on to build up reserves.

Once in storage, hydrogen can be used to fuel power plants, in much the same way that natural gas is used. This hydrogen can be used either as a backup for wind power or as an alternative to natural gas, especially if rising prices make natural gas prohibitively costly for electricity generation.

Hydrogen is also the fuel of choice for the fuel-cell engines that automakers worldwide are working on for our everyday vehicles. While hydrogen-powered vehicles may still seem far off in the future, if push comes to shove on the climate front - i.e. once it becomes more obvious that we must stop burning so much oil and pumping so much CO2 into the atmosphere - cars with gasoline-burning internal combustion engines could be converted to hydrogen.

Europe is leading the world into the age of wind energy, spurred in part by concerns about global warming. The record heat wave in Europe in August 2003 that scorched crops and claimed 35,000 lives has accelerated the replacement of climate-disrupting coal with clean energy sources.

The European Wind Energy Association projects that Europe's wind-based electricity-generating capacity will nearly triple from 2003 to 2010. By 2020, wind-generated electricity is projected to satisfy graph of wind power capacity by country; shows a steady upward trend for all countries, with Germany leading, followed by Spain and the U S, then Denmark and India the residential needs of 195 million Europeans - half of the region's population.

After developing most of its existing 28,400 megawatts of capacity on land, Europe is now tapping offshore wind resources as well. A 2004 assessment of Europe's offshore wind-energy potential concluded that if Europe moves more aggressively to develop its vast offshore resources, wind could be supplying all of the region's residential electricity by 2020.

Many countries in Europe are pushing hard to bring in more wind power. Here are a few examples.

1) The United Kingdom is requiring an investment of over $12 billion in off-shore wind farms that should satisfy the residential electricity needs of 10 million of the country's 60 million people.

2) Tiny Denmark, which led Europe into the wind era with the development of its own wind resources, now gets an impressive 20 percent of its electricity from wind.

3) Germany overtook the United States in terms of wind-based generating capacity in 1997. Now Spain is close to overtaking the United States as well.

Europe's leadership on wind energy has given it a major economic bonus: nine of the world's ten leading wind turbine manufacturers are in three countries - enmark, Germany, and Spain. These happen to be the three countries that have had the strongest and most stable market incentives for developing wind energy.

In the US, wind power has grown 26% per year on average over the last 5 years, but the United States is lagging in the development of wind energy. This is not because we can't compete technologically with Europe in manufacturing wind turbines, but because of a lack of leadership in Washington. The wind production tax credit of 1.5 cents per kilowatt-hour, which was adopted in 1992 to establish parity with fossil-fuel subsidies, has been permitted to lapse three times in the last five years, most recently at the end of 2003 when Congress failed to pass a new energy bill. Such uncertainties disrupt planning throughout the wind power industry.

The United States, with its advanced technology and wealth of wind resources, should be a leader in this field, but unfortunately it continues picture of wind farm to rely heavily on coal - a nineteenth century energy source - for much of its electricity at a time when European countries are replacing coal power with wind power.

Europe is not only leading the world into the wind age, it is also leading the world into the post-fossil fuel age - the age of renewable energy and climate stabilization. By demonstrating the potential for harnessing the energy in wind, Europe is unveiling the new energy economy for the rest of the world.
Lester Brown is founder and president of Earth Policy Institute. He has been described by the Washington Post as "one of the world's most influential thinkers" and as "the guru of the global environmental movement" by The Telegraph of Calcutta. His most recent book is Plan B: Rescuing a Planet Under Stress and a Civilization in Trouble.

One final note about wind power. There are naysayers out there who claim that we would have to blanket the country with "wind-meels" to replace all our coal and nuclear plants. Don't believe it. Remember that on a wind farm, the "footprint" of the operation - the turbine base plus the service roads - occupies only 5% of the land area. That makes wind power a perfect partner with open-space operations like farming and ranching.

And oh, by the way, our current electricity-generating technologies are blanketing the country with pollution!

About the Author

James Nash is a climate scientist with Greatest Planet (www.greatestplanet.org). Greatest Planet is a non-profit environmental organization specialising in carbon offset investments.

James Nash is solely responsible for the contents of this article.

GE General Electric commercial - Wind Energy

Wind Energy Information Guide $32.45 This guide is designed to help you search for information in the wind energy field, ranging from its history and technology basics to the latest in research and development. It is written to help several audiences, including engineers and scientists who may be unfamiliar with a particular aspect of wind energy, university researchers who are interested in this field, manufacturers who want to learn more about specific wind topics, librarians who provide information to their clients, and anyone else who is interested in knowing more about wind energy technologies. Author: US Department of Energy Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 140 Publication Date: 2005/02/01 Language: English Dimensions: 11.00 x 8.25 x 0.30 inches

View of Windmills on a Wind Energy Farm $39.99 Marc Moritsch View of Windmills on a Wind Energy Farm - Photographic Print

Wind Energy Development, Montana, USA $19.99 Diane Johnson Wind Energy Development, Montana, USA - Photographic Print

World Wind Energy Association $79.66 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles The World Wind Energy Association (WWEA) is an international nonprofit association representing and uniting the wind power sector worldwide, with members in 90 countries, amongst them the leading national and regional wind energy associations and further members from areas such as manufacturers, suppliers, wind farm developers, NGOs, public bodies, scientific and research institutes as well as individuals. The organisation works for the promotion and worldwide deployment of wind energy technology as a cornerstone of a future energy system fully based on renewable energy. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Timpledon, Miriam T./ Marseken, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 104 Publication Date: 2010/07/16 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.02 x 0.25 inches

Investment in Wind Energy in Europe $101.96 Wind energy industry is young and has been growing rapidly for the past 15 years, with over half of global installed wind power capacity located in Europe. Although there has been a large amount of literature focusing on the development of wind power in Europe, little econometric research has been done in this area. This book sets to find out whether there is a direct relationship between the fuel prices and the level of investment in wind power in the EU countries. The research is based on six year panel data on the European Union countries. The results of the research are as follows. No direct link has been found between the fuel prices and the investment in wind power. Moreover, wind energy support schemes which are unobserved factors in the model, have been found to have an impact on the investment in wind power capacity. On top of it, GDP per capita has a positive and statistically significant effect on the investment in wind power, suggesting that European countries in the higher income range were more likely to invest in wind power in 20012006 rather than those in the lower income range. This work should be especially useful for energy policy researchers and economists. Author: Movsumzade, Naila Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 56 Publication Date: 2010/12/24 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.02 x 0.13 inches

Promotional Discourse of Wind Energy $113.11 In recent years, an increased global awareness of the worlds energy challenge has fostered a corresponding global demand for producers of alternative energy resources to become effective promoters of their products and brands benefits. Despite the topics relevant nature, however, little research has so far set out to explore the specific discursive and promotional means by which alternative energy resources are promoted today. With special focus on three of the worlds leading wind turbine manufacturers promotional discourse of wind energy, this book therefore investigates how Vestas, Suzlon and General Electric promote wind energy and their brands through multimodal and persuasive means in webmercials on the Internet. In doing so, it proposes that an interrelatedness of the fields of multimodality and persuasion has significant consequences for the promotion of wind energy in the three types of webmercials. The study is considered relevant for students of communications and discourse fields and professionals who wish to become literates of promotional discourse related to the worlds energy challenge. Author: Hyer, Signe Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 76 Publication Date: 2010/01/14 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.18 inches

Elk River Wind Project Is a 150 Megawatt Wind Energy Project $39.99 Mark Thiessen Elk River Wind Project Is a 150 Megawatt Wind Energy Project - Photographic Print

Wind Turbines Generating Energy in the Mojave Desert $39.99 James Forte Wind Turbines Generating Energy in the Mojave Desert - Photographic Print

Wind Turbines Provide Energy for the Residents of Samso Island $39.99 Wind Turbines Provide Energy for the Residents of Samso Island - Photographic Print

Eco-Friendly, Energy Generating Wind Farm $29.99 Eco-Friendly, Energy Generating Wind Farm - Photographic Print

Wind Energy Basics By Gipe, Paul $32.07 Author: Gipe, Paul Subtitle: A Guide to Homeand CommunityScale Wind Energy Systems Publication Date: 2009/05/05 Number of Pages: 166 Binding Type: Paperback Language: English Depth: 0.50 Width: 8.00 Height: 10.00

Thames & Kosmos Wind Power: Renewable Energy Science Kit $44.95 Thames & Kosmos Wind Power: Renewable Energy Science Kit

Thames amp; Kosmos 623913 Wind Power Renewable Energy Science Kit $58.37 Thames Kosmos (TK) was founded in 2001 with the mission of improving informal science education by publishing highquality science and technology related educational products for children of all ages. TK places an emphasis on teaching concepts and skills through handson modeling of realworld devices and processes and by offering comprehensive meaningful reading materials for a rich learning experience. nbsp;. Build a working wind turbine to harness power out of thin air. Wind is one of the most promising sources of clean renewable energy available today. Wind energy has been used for centuries to pump water and crush grain in windmills and is now increasingly being used to generate electricity to power our modern world. First assemble a wind turbine complete with electric generator adjustable rotors and wind speed indicator. Then conduct more than 20 experiments with your wind turbine including experiments with different numbers of rotor blades different blade angles and profiles different wind speeds different gear ratios and so on. Use the wind turbine to generate mechanical power to lift a heavy weight or generate electricity to light up an LED and charge a rechargeable battery. During the experiments you will learn the physics of force and motion as it applies to wind power technology. Learn how to measure and calculate the different forces acting on the rotor blades by breaking them down into vectors. Discover how the sun makes the wind providing us with an endless source of energy. Read about different types of wind turbines and windmills. The fullcolor 32page experiment manual offers illustrated instructions and scientific information. Ages 8 and up. build a working wind turbine. harness mechanical energy to lift weights. generate electricity to light an LED and charge a battery. learn the physics of wind turbines. discover how wind occurs and why it is such a promising energy source

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